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Eisenerz
Eisenerz ("Iron ore") is a market place and old mining town in the Austrian state of Styria, . N.W. of Graz by rail. Pop. (2001) 6,400. It is situated in the deep Erzbach Valley, dominated on the east by the Pfaffenstein 1871m, (6140 ft), on the west by the Kaiserschild 2084m (6830 ft), and on the south by the Erzberg 1465m (5030 ft). It has an interesting example of a medieval fortified church, a Gothic edifice founded by Rudolph of Habsburg in the 13th century and rebuilt in the 16th.
At the turn of the past century the ''Erzberg'' (Ore Mountain) furnished such rich ore that it was quarried in the open air like stone, in the summer months. There is documentary evidence of the mines having been worked as far back as the 12th century. They afforded employment to two or three thousand hands in summer and about half as many in winter, and yielded some 800,000 tons of iron per annum. During World War II, a subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp was located here. It provided slave labour for local industry.〔Christine O'Keefe.''Concentration Camps.''wwwtartanplace.com/tartanhistory/concentrationcamps.html〕 Eisenerz was connected with the mines by the Erzberg railway, a bold piece of engineering work, fourteen miles (21 km) long, constructed on the Abt's rack-and-pinion system. It passed through some beautiful scenery, and descends to Vordernberg, an important center of the iron trade situated on the south side of the Erzberg. Eisenerz possesses, in addition, twenty-five furnaces, which produce iron, and particularly steel, of exceptional excellence. Today the Erzberg is home to motocross races.
A few miles northwest of Eisenerz stands Leopoldstein Castle, and near it beautiful Leopoldstein Lake. This lake, with its dark green water at an elevation of 2028 ft., and surrounded on all sides by high peaks, is not large and has a depth of .
==History==
In Eisenerz, copper smelting was a major activity from the 15th century to the 13th century BC.〔E. Aidona et al. (2006) Spatial distribution of archaeomagnetic vectors within archaeological samples from Eisenerz (Austria), Geophysical Journal International 166:1, pp. 45-58 (Geophysical Journal International )〕
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